* For most parties, participation of such MPs was less than that of their more experienced colleagues. Though they form 59 percent of the strength of the Lok Sabha, their participation in debates was 49 percent.

* Young MPs from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) were more active than their older colleagues.

* Young MPs in the Congress, the Samajwadi Party and the BSP participated in debates less than their party averages.

* While women MPs constitute 11 percent of Lok Sabha, they recorded a participation of eight percent.

* Across most parties, participation by women MPs was slightly lower than party average.

* Women MPs of BJP matched their male counterparts.